Reusable constraint types to use with typing.Annotated

PEP-593 added typing.Annotated as a way of adding context-specific metadata to existing types, and specifies that Annotated[T, x] should be treated as T by any tool or library without special logic for x. This package provides metadata objects which can be used to represent common constraints such as upper and lower bounds on scalar values and collection sizes, a Predicate marker for runtime checks, and descriptions of how we intend these metadata to be interpreted. In some cases, we also note alternative representations which do not require this package.